Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Small Ruminants: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), also known as goat plague or small ruminant plague, is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects goats and sheep. It causes severe economic losses in affected regions due to high mortality rates, reduced productivity, and trade restrictions. PPR is especially prevalent in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. … Read more

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in Cattle: Causes, Signs, Treatment, and Prevention

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and pigs. Known for its rapid spread and significant economic impact, FMD leads to severe production losses, trade restrictions, and animal suffering. The disease is characterized by fever and the formation of painful blisters (vesicles) in the mouth, … Read more

Mastitis in Cows: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Mastitis is one of the most economically significant diseases in the dairy industry. It is an inflammation of the mammary gland, typically caused by bacterial infection. This condition not only affects milk production but also the overall health and welfare of the cow. Mastitis can be clinical or subclinical. Clinical cases show visible signs, while … Read more